Five - axis machining center maintenance methods, the factory must pay attention

Five - axis machining center maintenance methods, the factory must pay attention

The correct operation and maintenance of the five-axis machining center can prevent the machine from abnormal wear and failure. The careful maintenance of machine tool can maintain the long-term stability of machining accuracy and extend the service life of machine tool. This work must be highly valued and executed from the management level of the factory!

Responsible person for maintenance

1. Operators are responsible for the use, maintenance and basic maintenance of the equipment;

2. Equipment maintenance personnel shall be responsible for equipment maintenance and necessary maintenance;

3. The workshop management personnel shall be responsible for supervising the operators and equipment maintenance of the whole workshop.

Basic requirements for the use of five-axis machining centers

1. The five-axis machining center requires to avoid places with excessive humidity, dust and corrosive gas;

2. Avoid direct sunlight and other thermal radiation. For precision CNC equipment, keep away from large vibration equipment, such as punch and forging equipment.

3. The operating temperature of the equipment shall be controlled between 15 and 35 degrees. Precision machining temperature should be controlled at about 20 degrees, and temperature fluctuation should be strictly controlled.

4. In order to avoid the influence of large power fluctuation range (greater than plus or minus 10%) and possible transient interference signals, the numerical control equipment generally adopts special power supply (such as separate transmission line from low-voltage distribution room for use of numerical control machine tools) and adds pressure stabilizer, which can reduce the influence of power supply quality and electrical interference.

Maintain daily machining accuracy

1. After starting up, preheat the machine for about 10 minutes before processing. Long used machines should extend the preheating time.

2. Check whether the oil road is smooth;

3. Place the table and saddle at the center of the machine before shutting down (move the triaxial travel to the middle position of each drive);

4. Keep the machine dry and clean.

Daily maintenance

1. Clean the dust and iron scraps of the machine tool daily: including the control panel of the machine tool, the conical hole of the spindle, the cutter carriage, the tool head and the taper handle, the tool arm of the tool bank, the tool bin and the turret; XY shaft sheet metal cover, flexible hose in machine tool, tank chain device, chip trough, etc.

2. Check the height of lubrication oil level to ensure the lubrication of the machine;

3. Check whether the cooling fluid in the cooling tank is sufficient and not added in time;

4. Check whether the air pressure is normal;

5. Check whether the air blowing of the inner cone hole of the spindle is normal. Wipe the inner cone hole of the spindle with clean cotton cloth and spray light oil;

6. Clean the cutter arms and knives, especially the claws;

7. Check all the signal lights and the abnormal warning lights;

8. Check whether there is leakage in the oil pressure unit pipe;

9. Clean the machine after daily work;

10. Keep the environment around the machine clean.

Weekly maintenance

1. Clean the air filter screen of heat exchanger, cooling pump and lubricating pump;

2. Check whether the cutter is loose and the handle is clean;

3. Check whether the triaxial mechanical origin is offset;

4. Check whether the operation of tool changing arm or the rotation of tool pan is smooth;

5. If there is oil cooler, check the oil cooler oil; if it is lower than the scale, please fill the oil cooler oil in time;

6. Clean the impurities and moisture in compressed gas, check the amount of oil in the oil mist separator, check the normal operation of various solenoid valves, and check the sealing in the pneumatic system, because the quality of the pneumatic system directly affects the tool change and lubrication system;

7. Prevent dust and dirt from entering the internal control device. Oil mist, dust and even metal powder are usually found in the air of machine shop. Once they fall on the circuit boards or electronic devices in the numerical control system, the insulation resistance between the devices will drop, and even damage the components and circuit boards.

Monthly maintenance

1. Check the lubrication of shaft track, and ensure good lubrication of track surface;

2. Check and clean limit switch and touch block;

3. Check whether there is enough oil in the cutter cylinder oil cup to add in time;

4. Check whether the signs and warning plates on the machine are clear and exist.

Half a year to maintain

1. Disassemble the anti-chip cover of the shaft, clean the joint of the shaft tubing, the ball guide screw, and the three-axis limit switch, and check whether it is normal. Check whether the wiper blade of hard rail of each shaft is good.

2. Check whether the servo motors and the head of each shaft are in normal operation and whether there is abnormal sound;

3. Replace oil pressure unit oil and gear oil of tool bank;

4. Test the shaft gap and adjust the compensation if necessary;

5. Clean the dust in the electrical box (make sure the machine is closed);

6. Comprehensively check whether all contacts, joints, sockets and switches are normal;

7. Check whether all keys are sensitive and normal;

8. Check and adjust the mechanical level;

9. Clean the cutting water tank and replace the cutting fluid.

Annual professional maintenance or repair

Note: professional maintenance or repair should be carried out by a professional engineer.

1. The ground protection system shall have intact continuity to ensure personal safety;

2. Carry out regular inspection on the energy components such as circuit breaker, contactor, single-phase or three-phase arc extinguisher. If the connection is loose, if the noise is too loud, find out the reason and eliminate the hidden trouble;

3. Ensure the normal operation of the radiator fan in the cabinet; otherwise, it may cause damage to the energy components;

4. Fuse blown, air switch frequently trips, and the cause should be found out and eliminated in time;

5. Check the vertical accuracy of each shaft and adjust the geometric accuracy of the machine tool. Restore or meet machine tool requirements. Because geometric accuracy is the foundation of the machine tool's comprehensive performance. For example, bad perpendicularity of XZ and YZ will affect the coaxiality and symmetry of the processed workpiece, and poor perpendicularity of the spindle on the table will affect parallelism of the processed workpiece, etc. Therefore, the restoration of geometric accuracy is the focus of our maintenance;

6. Check the abrasion and gap of each shaft motor and screw rod, and check whether the supporting bearings on both ends of each shaft are damaged. When the coupling or bearing is damaged, it will increase the noise of the machine, affect the transmission accuracy of the machine, damage the screw cooling seal ring, cause the leakage of cutting fluid, and seriously affect the life of the screw and spindle.

7. Check the protective cover of each shaft and replace it if necessary. The protective cover is not easy to directly accelerate the wear of the guide. If there is a big deformation, it will not only increase the load of the machine, but also cause great damage to the guide.

8. Straightening of the screw rod. Due to the deformation of the screw rod caused by the collision of some users after the machine tool or the poor gap between the plug iron, the machining accuracy of the machine tool is directly affected. We first relax the screw and make it in a natural state, and then install the screw according to the maintenance procedures to ensure that the screw is not subject to the tangential force in motion, so that the screw is also in a natural state in processing;

9. Check and adjust the belt drive system of the spindle of the machine tool, adjust the elastic degree of V belt appropriately, prevent the machine tool from slipping or losing rotation during the processing, replace the V belt of spindle if necessary, and check the amount of oil of pressure belt cylinder of 1000r/min high and low conversion of spindle. If necessary, the lack of oil will lead to the fault during low-grade conversion, which will seriously affect the surface roughness during the milling process and cause the cutting torque to fall to the bottom.

10. Clean and adjust the tool storehouse. Adjust the rotation of the tool bank to make it parallel to the table, change the spring if necessary, adjust the Angle of the spindle directional bridge and the rotation coefficient of the tool bank, and add lubricating grease to the moving parts.

11. Prevent the system from overheating: check whether each cooling fan on the nc cabinet is working normally. Check whether there is blockage in the air duct filter. If the dust accumulated on the filter net is too much, it will cause the temperature inside the nc cabinet to be too high.

12. Regular maintenance of the input/output device of the CNC system: check whether the transmission signal line of the machine tool is damaged, whether the screw and nut of interface and joint are loose and come off, whether the network line is inserted stably, and whether the router is cleaned and maintained.